Carbon Chemistry

Journal Article

Dear Diary,

   As you know that I am Widrow Wilson, I have at last gotten where I wanted to be. Yes I have reached the White House. But I would love to tell you the trip to Zululand.

  Well I saw many organic and inorganic things. I have at last learned the 4 blocks of life, and the carbon based materials.

   First I will tell you about organic and inorganic. Organic is natural. Inorganic is manmade.

  The four blocks of life are:

• Carbohydrates- it gives out energy
• Lipids- energy that gives out structure
• Proteins- it is also energy structure
• DNA- its the blue print of your life.

Polymers are very large carbon- based molecules made of similar, repeating units.

Metals Alloys

Journal Artical

Dear Diary,

   As you know that I am Theadore Roosvelt. We have at last got to our destination and I am looking forward some exiting and challenging things. I have already gotten many scars of my arms from these wild plants, but I ain’t that person who would give up so easily.

  Oh wow, we just found an alloy. Well I am sure that you don’t know what that means. An alloy is a mixture of a metal and one or more other elements, usually metals as well. The gold alloys used in jewelry contain silver and copper in various amounts. Many alloys are made by melting copper. For example, bronze is made by melting and mixing copper and tin, and them letting the solution cool. It is not that hard because the both melt at the same time and at the same low tempratures. Bronze is the first alloy made in the ancient times.

Now lets talk about the common alloys.

Brass- made up of 35% of zinc and 65% of copper.

Bronze- made up of 12.5% of tin and 87.5% of copper.

Stainless steel- made up of 0.4% carbon and 1% of nickel and 18% of chromium and 80.6% of iron.

Carbon steel- made up of 1% of carbon and 99% of iron

Pewter- 2% of antimony and 6% of bismuth and 7% of copper and 85% of tin.

   We had a really good time. I think after this is over, I will miss it a lot.

 

Solutions Can Be Acidic, Basic, or Neutral

Persuasive advertisement that educates.

Dear Deena,

    I have discovered a new thing. Not a thing but things. I discovered acid and bases, characteristics and properties of them , a scale called pH scale. Then I learned how to neutralize them.

   Let me tell you what a acid is. Acid is a substance that can donate a hydrogen ion- that is, a proton- to another substance. Than a base is a substance that can accept a hydrogen ion from another substance.

Now lets talk about their characteristics.

Acid: It tastes sour and produce a burning or prickling feeling on the skin. They react with most metals.

Base: taste bitter and feel slippery. Soaps are mostly bases. Bases can change color.

 

                                        

I will now talk about the pH scale. As you can see above, that is the pH scale. This scale has to extremes and one normal point. The two extremes are 0 and 14. The normal point is 7. 0 has battery acid as you can see and 14 has household iye. 7 is water. That is the only thing that is neutralized. As you know that one gives away a hydrogen ion and one takes it, so you should also know that they also work together. They give one and gain one so they can easily make H2O, that is water. Neutralization also works in your stomach.

     I hope you had fun reading this, and I hope that you are looking forward to actually applying my discoveries.

                                                                                                                           Sincerely,

                                                                                                                      Albert Einstein

The Amount Of Solute That Dissolves Can Vary

 

Pictures with report and thought.

Concentration depends on the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at a particular temprature.  

                                                                                                     

A solution that has a low concentration of solute is called a dilute solution. 

 

                                                                         

Saturated is the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. 

Unsaturated is when you can still add some more of solute to the solvent.

 

                               

Supersaturated is when the solute is over added.

 

                                                           

 

Solubility is the amount of solute that needs to be added to the solvent.

The things that effect it are:

• Temprature
• stiring
• concentration

 

                                                           

A Solution Is A Type Of Mixture

   Children education book.                          

                                      ABC Science

                                                           Ages: 6 and 12

                                                              Chapter 2

Glossery

• Solutions are the mixtures of solute and solvent.
• Solutes are the substances that are being mixed in another substance.
• Solvents is the substance that dissolves the solute
• Suspensions is a mixture in which the different parts are identifiable as separate substances; a heterogeneous mixture.

 

 

Life And Industry Depend On Chemical Reactions

                           

Newspaper article.

 

                             The New York Times

   ” Living things need many things to stay alive”, a quote by Albert Einstein. Albert Einstein has declared that he has a last discovered what he needed. He has the discovered the difference between the chemical reactions that occur in living things and the chemical reactions that take place in technology. Lets look over some of it.

   The chemical reaction that is taking place in living things are like respiration. Respiration is the “combustion” of glucose to obtain energy. If produces carbon dioxide and water from oxygen and glucose.  This is like another word for photosynthesis. The energy released by respiration can be used for many life functions. The glucose molecule stores the energy from the food that you ate so that you can start the function when ever you want rather than eating something and then going for a run. To make these steps go faster, there is a function called catalysts- enzymes- for each step. Some ensymes already break down the gluscose molecules for you, you other slow body parts don’t have to do this.

  Now we will look at the chemical reactions take place in technology.

  The only way technology can include chemical reaction is by catalysts converter. When a car gets pollutants in the exhaust, you have to take them out in order to make it work. The catalysts converter takes out the pollutants from the exhaust. Catalysts converter contain metal catalysts such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium.

  These were the reports from yesterday from the conference that took place yesterday.

Chemical Reactions Involve Energy Changes

Dialougue between two people.bert and Melissa are doing a project together where they have to explain what endothermic and exothermic means and what are the examples.

Herbert: I will explain what endothermic means and explain it. Endothermic absorbs energy. If more energy is required to break the bonds in the reactants than is released when the products form, then energy must be added to the reactions.

Melissa: Ok so I will explain exothermic. Exothermic means releasing energy. If more energy is released when the products form than is needed to break the bonds in the reactants, then energy is released during the reaction.

Herbert: The only Example of endothermic is photosynthesis, which is plants that absorb enegy from sunlight to turn carbon dioxide  and water into oxygen and glucose, which is a type of sugar molecule.

 Melissa: The example of  exothermic would be like while a rocket is launching, the white clouds of water vapor are formed by the exothermic reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. Then the cup coral polyps glow becuase of exothermic chemical reactions.

The Masses Of Reactants And Products Are Equal

Free verse 

The law of conservation of mass states that mass can not be created nor destroyed. This also effects the chemical equation. The elements before the arrow are known as reactants and the elements after the arrow are known as the products. As you know that mass can not be created nor destroyed, thats why we can not do that to the elements. The elements include coefficients and elements and exponents. To equalize the equation, you have to change the coefficients only. The coefficients multiply with the exponents, that equalizes it and you do it to the other side. The other side of the equation also should be equalized too. Lets do one.

____ H2 + ___ O2                 ______ H2O

_2_ H2 + _1_ O2                  __2__ H2O

Chemical Reaction Alter Arrangments Of Atoms

Diary

Dear Diary,

     Today, in class we learned many different things like, the difference between physical and chemical change.Physical change is when the substance is the same after a experiment has taken place.  Chemical change is when the substance has changed into another after a experiment has taken place.

      Physical reaction is when the atoms are arranged the same way they were before the experiment. Chemical reaction produces new substances by changing the way in which atoms are arranged. Evidences of a chemical reaction is burning, rusting, bubbling, color changing.

      Then we also learned the types of chemical reactions. There are three of them.

• Synthesis–  a new compound is formed  by the combination of simpler reactants. For example: nitrogen dioxide, a component of smog, forms when nitrogen and oxygen combine in the air.
• Decomposition– a reactant breaks down into simpler products, which could be elements or other compound.

Substances’ Properties Depend On Their Bonds

                             

Newspaper article.

                    New York Times

                                                                             Saturday                3/6/10

      Albert Einstein has invented the most memoribal thing for us today. As you know that today he is going to be showing us something that will change other scientists’ life. He has invented a metallic bond which means a certain type of bond in which nuclei float in a sea of electrons. It says that the ability of electrons to move freely makes metals

• good condustors of electricity
• good conductors of heat
• easy to shape

Somtimes ionic and covalent bonds are involved in this. Now lets take covalent bonding. Covalent bonds do not always form small individual molecules. This explains how the element carbon can exist in three very different forms- diamond, graphite, and fullerene. The properties of each form depend on how the carbon atoms are bonded to each other.

      We hope that this method gets some happiness to us, and it works and actually makes scientists’ lives, students’ lives, our lives, and everyones lives easier.